In this article we will discuss about:- 1. Meaning of Runoff 2. Process of Runoff 3. Sources or Components. Meaning of Runoff: Runoff is that part of precipitation that appears in a drainage channel as surface flow in a perennial or an intermittent from. It is that part of water, which can be used for engineering purposes and hence is [...]
In this article we will discuss about:- 1. Meaning of Catchment Area 2. Slope of a Catchment Area 3. Relation of Catchment Area with Its Length 4. Watershed Leakage 5. Classification of Catchment Areas 6. Karst Topography 7. Catchment Flow Characteristics. Meaning of Catchment Area: Catchment area may be defined as the area from which the surface runoff is derived. [...]
The runoff from a catchment is estimated by the following methods: 1. Standard Tables 2. Empirical Formulae 3. Rainfall Runoff Correlation. Method # 1. Standard Tables: Observations of precipitation and the resulting runoff were taken for a number of catchments having different characteristics. Tables are prepared showing the relation between precipitation and the resulting runoff, taking into consideration the catchments. [...]