The real interior of the Earth is nowhere exposed to our direct observation. With our present scientific skills we can hardly penetrate up to a few kilometers below the surface of the Earth whereas the average radius of the earth is 6,371 km. Therefore, the entire discussion given below about the internal structure of the Earth is based on the [...]
By Age of the Earth is understood the total time since the earth has existed in its present physical state as a planet. In Geology, this problem has always been found as one of the most complicated and controversial topics. Many conclusions were suggested on different lines but were rejected by equally strong objections. It was only with the discovery [...]
The theory of Plate Tectonics developed by geoscientists during early 1960s is often described as a most revolutionary concept in the history of GEOLOGY as a science. It is now widely accepted that most complex geological riddles, past and present, are solved conveniently by the concept of plate tectonics. According to this concept, supported of course by convincing data and [...]