In this essay we will discuss about the evolution of Arab geography. Arab geographers in the medieval period preferred to formulate their concepts as generalisations of empirically observed facts and insisted on the importance of direct observation. Unlike their counterparts in the Christian world, they made valuable contributions to geographical knowledge, though some Arab scholars made logical deductions from existing [...]
Geography in the Christian world was confined to the process of translation of the earlier geographical ideas of the classical age. Two medieval scholars—Martianus Capelle and Ambrosius Theodosius Macrobius— provided translation of Plato as early as the fifth century. In the early medieval period, the European scholars could work only with Latin documents and only in the latter part of [...]
In this article we will discuss about the impact of voyages, discoveries and the renaissance on geography. It is surprising to note that the exploring activities among the Arabs and the Chinese gradually came to an end. There was no great Arab traveller after lbn-Batuta in the fourteenth century, and in China, the end came after the seventh expedition of [...]